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Construction of El Morro in San Juan, officially known as Castillo San Felipe del Morro, began in the 16th century under Spanish rule. Its main purpose was to protect the city of San Juan from attacks by pirates and other European colonial powers that sought to control the strategic territory of Puerto Rico.

Initial construction began in 1539 with the creation of a wooden structure known as the "St. John's Tower", which served as an observation and defense point. As the threat of attacks grew, it was decided to fortify the entrance to the port of San Juan with a larger, more robust fortress. Thus, in 1589 the construction of El Morro began, which was completed in 1787, although several expansions and improvements were made over the centuries.

The design of El Morro is notable for its mix of architectural styles, including Renaissance and Baroque. During its history, the fortress withstood several attacks, including the famous 1595 siege by the English privateer Sir Francis Drake and the 1625 siege by the Dutch. In 1983, El Morro was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognizing its historical and architectural importance.

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