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La historia de las canciones rancheras: uno de los géneros más representativos de la música mexicana
Este estilo musical nació en el campo a principios del siglo XIX, sin embargo, el género fue popularizado a través del cine mexicano hasta la década de los 30

Music is the universal language par excellence that allows different cultures and societies to mix with each other. It is widely heard that Europe brought classical music to the world, Colombia brought cumbia, the United States brought jazz, but what is the role of Mexican music in the world?

Mexico has been known and heard in other countries mainly through the genre of ranchera music, although it is important to highlight that the popularization of this genre occurred through Mexican cinema from the 1930s to the 1970s.

This musical style was born in the countryside at the beginning of the 19th century. It is said to be originally from the state of Jalisco, because agriculture and livestock were developed in that territory. It is called “ranchera music” because the genre emerged in the surrounding ranches.

The period in which the rancheras began to have a presence in Mexican society was until after the Mexican Revolution in 1910.

The origin of the Mexican rancheras began with the peasants who gathered on the ranches after their hard days of work. They used this means of expression to share their sorrows, lovesickness, stories of daily life and mainly, to entertain themselves and find a distraction. The songs were even used as tools of struggle against the Mexican upper class.

Later, with the arrival of the Golden Age of Mexican Cinema, the genre took a new direction more aimed at a global industry. As ranchera music was the most representative of the moment, it was what gave life and rhythm to various Mexican films.

Thanks to Mexican cinema, ranchera music began to become commercial, as it was common for people to see their idols perform songs of this genre on screen.

One of the most important films was “Allá en el Rancho Grande”, a production released in 1936 by director Fernando de Fuentes; which starred Tito Guízar and Esther Fernández. In fact, this is considered the film that marked the beginning of the era of Mexican industrial cinema.

The film showed part of the life of peasants after the Revolution and was a pioneer in ranchera comedies, which were responsible for romanticizing life in the countryside, portraying love tragedies and adding joy through ranchera songs that were performed and danced by the main characters.

Thanks to the dissemination of this type of films, this type of music began to become commercial among Mexican society, since it was very common for them to see their idols perform songs of this genre on screen.

Later, the success of Golden cinema began to spread to various countries in Latin America and the United States. The themes of the films characterized the stereotypical personality that Mexicans have today.

Thus, in 1950, this musical genre and the popularization of mariachi were already a global success that would begin to be the country's hallmark.

Lucha Villa was one of the women who represented the ranchera music genre, she is also known as "the first Queen of the palenques."
Within the list of notable artists in the genre are: Pedro Infante, Jorge Negrete, Lola Beltrán, Lucha Villa, María de Lourdes, José Alfredo Jiménez and the recently deceased Vicente Fernández.

It should be noted that Lola Beltrán is considered the “Queen of the Ranchera Song” and María de Lourdes is “The Ambassador of the Ranchera Song”, because the Mexican women stood out for bringing ranchera music to countries such as Russia, the Netherlands, Indonesia, among other places where Spanish is not spoken.


Ranchera
			
Orígenes culturales			  Centro y Occidente de México
Instrumentos comunes			Voz, guitarra clásica, guitarra acústica, piano, requinto, guitarra de doce cuerdas, guitarra de golpe, vihuela, trompeta, violín, guitarrón mexicano, armónica, arpa, acordeón, flauta, bajo sexto, bajo quinto, saxofón, sousafón, clarinete, trompa alto, trombón, tarolas, tambora, guitarra eléctrica, bajo eléctrico, bajo acústico, steel guitar, banyo, mandolina, ukelele, tololoche, teclado electrónico, keytar, batería
Distinctive features
They include the presence of traditional instruments such as the guitar, violin and trumpet, which provide a tonal richness and a sense of authenticity to the compositions.
The lyrics of ranchera songs usually address universal themes such as love, betrayal, and nostalgia, connecting with the deepest emotions of the listeners.
The passionate and emotional vocal performance is another defining element of the genre, conveying the intensity and feeling of the lyrics in a moving way.
Its musical structure often follows a recognizable melodic pattern, with slow-paced sections rising to exciting crescendos, reflecting the highs and lows of human experiences.
Notable artists
It has been enriched by an impressive list of legendary artists who have left an indelible mark on the genre. Among them are iconic figures such as Pedro Infante, Jorge Negrete, Vicente Fernández, Antonio Aguilar, Lucha Villa, Lola Beltrán, among others. Not only did they perform some of the most memorable ranchera songs, but they also embodied the passion, dedication and authenticity that defines the genre.
The distinctive voice and stage charisma of these artists have transcended generations, captivating audiences around the world and cementing their legacy. Their contributions have helped enrich Mexico's musical heritage.
Impact of gender
It has exerted a significant influence on culture, literature, film and the performing arts, inspiring various forms of artistic and creative expression. Its timeless themes and ability to evoke deep emotions have transcended borders, reaching audiences of diverse cultures and contexts.

It is also a source of inspiration for musicians of different genres who incorporate ranchera elements in their own creations, enriching musical diversity.
Among the best ranchera songs of all time are:
. Lucha Villa Red Sky.
. One Hundred Years of Pedro Infante.
· Return, Return by Vicente Fernández.
· Divine Women by Vicente Fernández.
· The King by José Alfredo Jiménez.
· Paloma Negra by Lola Beltrán.
Not only do they resonate with audiences around the world, but they have also conveyed deep emotions and told stories that live on in the collective memory. Their enduring impact and timeless relevance place them in the pantheon of the greatest musical creations.






Mariachi, string music, singing and trumpet

Mariachi is traditional music and a fundamental element of the culture of the Mexican people. Traditional mariachis have two or more musicians dressed in regional clothing, inspired by the charro suit, who perform a wide repertoire of songs accompanied by string instruments. Orchestras that perform “modern” mariachi music have trumpets, violins, vihuelas, and guitarrones, and are usually composed of four or more musicians. The vast repertoire of the mariachis includes songs from the different regions of Mexico, syrups, minuets, polkas, valonas, chotis, waltzes, serenades, corridos (typically Mexican ballads that tell of battles, exploits and love stories) and traditional songs of life. rural. Modern mariachi music has adopted other musical genres such as ranchera, bolero ranchero, and even Colombian cumbia. The lyrics of the mariachi songs talk about love for the land, the city where one lives, the country of birth, religion, nature, Mexican women and the strength of the country. Learning by ear is the main means of transmission of traditional mariachi music and technical skills are transmitted from parents to children, and also through shows organized for festivities, whether religious or civil. Mariachi music transmits values ??that encourage respect for the natural heritage of Mexican regions and local history, both in Spanish and in the various indigenous languages ??of the west of the country.

Mariachi.
When hearing trumpets, guitars, requintos, guitarrones and a strong voice, it is most likely that it is a ranchera, and refers to peasant or "Rancho" music. It is the flagship music of Mexico worldwide, so much so that it has become a culture copied by many people in various countries. Mexican culture can be seen in its customs, its clothing, its food and its music. It can be said that in every country on the American continent, there are ranchera or mariachi music groups to liven up parties or events.

Songs.
Mexican music is well known because it talks about love, hate, spite and honor, for this reason many of us feel identified when listening to it. was born in an era of romanticism with women and manhood, in the beginning they were sung and played by men, demonstrating their masculinity.

They are songs that invite you to drink liquor to be with friends, or to cure the pain of love, and also on the contrary, they serve to dedicate romantic serenades to the love you love so much. So it can be said that ranchera music is very diverse and for this reason it has become a culture that we have all experienced at least once in our lives.

Rancheras singers.
There are many singers or exponents of ranchera music, although a few have achieved worldwide fame, among which we have:

Vicente Fernandez (Chente Fernandez).
Singer born on February 17, 1940 in Jalisco - Guadalajara, Mexico, he is perhaps the most famous of all worldwide, for his great voice and his performances in films. Vicente Fernández's most successful songs are "here between us, The King, Por tu damned love, The difference, These jealousy", among others.

Pedro Infante.
Born in Mazatlán - Sinaloa, on November 18, 1917, one of the first recognized singers of this genre, very famous for recording musical films singing his songs, and telling life stories, an icon of Mexican cinema. Pedro Infante's best-known songs are "I got tired of begging him, When the moon comes out, Cielito linda, Flor sin retoño", etc.

Rocio durcal.
Her real name is María de los Ángeles de las Heras Ortiz, she was born on October 4, 1944, in Madrid - Spain, she was a ranchera music singer who was not of Mexican origin, "The Queen of the Rancheras". Rocío Dúrcal's music was more romantic, her main hits are "Ya te ovidé, Costumbres, No me dices, Amor siempre", among others.

Antonio Aguilar.
Mexican singer born on May 17, 1919 in Villanueva - Zacatecas, also an actor, screenwriter and filmmaker. A singer and exponent of the Mexican ranchera of great impact, his best-known songs are "The disobedient son, Sad memory, White-legged horse, It's already dawning, La martina."

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